image of the femme fatale in the history WOMEN FATAL IN THE REAL STORY AND SACRED
EVA Eva
History according to the Bible [edit] His story is found in the book of Genesis, from chapter 1 verse 27 to verse 2 of Chapter 5.
was created by God in the Garden of Eden as Adam's helpmeet, since it's rib. His name in Hebrew means "mother of the living" or "giver of life." In the book of Genesis relates that God commanded Adam and his wife fruitful and multiply, fill the earth and govern it (Genesis 1:28). It is reported also commanded to eat of every tree of the garden except the tree of knowledge of good and evil and the tree of life to not die (Genesis 2:16-17). But, we read, Eve was deceived by the serpent (Devil), and saw "that the tree was good for food, and it was pleasing to the eye, and a tree desirable to make one wise", so she ate the forbidden fruit and gave his partner, he ate well. As a result, according to the Bible, God told Eve that as punishment pregnancy and childbirth would be painful (Genesis 3:16), that Adam should work to eat (Genesis 3:19) and that both would die.
Then God said: "The man has now become like one of us, as it has knowledge of good and evil. Lest he put forth his hand and take also from the tree of life, eat, and live forever. "(Genesis 3:22) This is why Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:24 )
In the Bible Eve was mother (referred to Abel, Cain and Seth, and Genesis 5:4 states that Adam was the father of other sons and daughters)
.
also worth mentioning that in the mythology (or folklore) Jew, a product of legends and a reinterpretation of the genesis also some postulate that in the history of the genesis, Eve was not the first woman, and would have been a legendary figure named Lilith. CLEOPATRA
Philopator Nea Thea Cleopatra, Cleopatra VII (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ) was the last queen of ancient Egypt of the Ptolemaic dynasty also called Lágida dynasty, one that was created by Ptolemy I Soter, a general of Alexander the Great, and also called the last of the Hellenistic Period of Egypt. He was born around the year 69 a. C. and died in 30 BC C.
V was the daughter of Cleopatra and Ptolemy XII Tryphena Auletes, who inherited the throne in 51 a. C., around the age of 17 years, along with her brother Ptolemy XIII, who had only twelve years and that her husband would also (a common occurrence in the Ptolemaic royal marriages)
.
Cleopatra had several brothers: Berenice IV and Cleopatra VI and older sisters, the latter disappeared no one knows how, during the reign of his sister Berenice, "a younger sister, Arsinoe IV and two younger brother Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV, with whom he married on, according to the law of Lagids, whose dynasty belonged, and which allowed marriage brothers. The education of all was purely Greek, Ptolemaic as usual. Cleopatra was the first member of this dynasty who learned to speak the Egyptian language, but not only knew the language but also Greek, Hebrew, Syriac and Aramaic, and perhaps Latin. Likewise learned literature, music, political science, mathematics, astronomy and medicine. He also had a reputation for having refined manners and a sweet and appealing voice, things that made her a very seductive woman, according to Plutarch.
Its origins
Cleopatra was born in 69 BC He belonged to the Ptolemaic dynasty of pharaohs, from of Macedonia (northern Greece), who ruled Egypt at that time. The capital was Alexandria, a city founded by Alexander the Great in 332 BC that had prospered under the Habsburg rule. He was one of the best commercial ports of the Mediterranean, and became a great cultural center, the birthplace of modern science: rhetoric, philosophy, medicine, geometry, hydrostatics, geography, astronomy., It had the largest library in the world.
But now, the land of Egypt lived under threat from his great rival, Rome. And Cleopatra a time he lived surrounded by conflicts that made the Egyptian kingdom was weakened, although the queen has always shown its strength by acting with cunning and courage.
Neo Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy Dionysius Auletes "-was the father of Cleopatra VII Philopator, but was not well liked by the Egyptians as they levied heavy taxes that would go into the coffers of Rome. Thus, the people of Egypt did not accept his alliance with Rome, and in the year 58 BC, expelled from the country revolted. Ptolemy fled to Rome and Berenice IV (his daughter, Cleopatra's older sister) was proclaimed queen. But in 55 BC, supported by the Roman general Pompey, Ptolemy returned to Egypt, taking his throne to his daughter.
Ptolemy had two sons, Ptolemy XIV and Ptolemy XV Dionisio II Philopator; and four daughters, Berenice IV, Cleopatra VI Tryphena, Cleopatra VII (of which we speak in this text) and Arsinoe.
Cleopatra on the throne of Egypt
The ancient scriptures say that Cleopatra ruled with her father for a short period of time until he died in 51 BC
Wanting to retain power, and following the family tradition, he married his brother Ptolemy XIV (12). The Ptolemies could not marry someone of lower rank, and that is why so joined between siblings.
At just 18 years, Cleopatra wanted to rule alone, considering that his brother was too young to rule Egypt. Although the problem was that many officials and supporters of his brother nobles. In addition, the general Pompey powerful ally of his father, was planning to annex Egypt to the Roman Empire. Would have to overcome many obstacles. Cleopatra and her reign
Since childhood he studied a lot (literature, arithmetic and geometry, astronomy, medicine) and learned several languages, including Egyptian (his family spoke only Greek), which served him much time to rule Egypt . To do this, tried to curry favor with the powerful courtiers. Worshiped Egyptian gods proclaimed "daughter of the sun god, and gave generous gifts to the most important temples, earning the support of the priests. Also became interested in international politics, especially to avoid conflict with Rome, and the economy by facilitating exports for the welfare of their country.The first two years of his reign were very difficult. On the one hand, the Nile is not flooded, crops were lost and many people died of hunger. On the other hand, still had powerful enemies and was Potheinus, the director of her brother Ptolemy.
In 48 BC Cleopatra discovered that his brother and Potheinus conspired against it. They wanted to kidnap and kill, so he had to flee Egypt with her sister Arsinoe. Sailed for the Mediterranean refuge near Syria, and eventually returned with his army to regain their land.
Julius Caesar and Cleopatra
Meanwhile, Julius Caesar and Pompey fought for power in Rome, causing a civil war, defeating Julius Caesar. Pompey went to Egypt for help, but what was the surprise that Ptolemy's followers assassinated him on landing at Alexandria.
Four days later, Caesar arrived in Egypt and saw what happened. Wished to maintain peace and requested a meeting with Ptolemy and Cleopatra to reach an agreement. The queen did not trust his brother and needed the protection of Caesar. With the help of his steward Apollodorus, secretly and at night, came to him, who was fascinated by his charm and inteligenciaPero it did not like her brother Ptolemy. To ears of Caesar came the plans of conspiracy against him by Potheinus, and ordered his execution. Ptolemy spared and left him out of the city, meeting with Arsinoe, his sister, who had escaped and led an Egyptian army against Caesar. Both were eventually defeated in a tough battle. Ptolemy soon after found dead in the port of Alexandria. Arsinoe was sent as prisoner to Rome. Cleopatra
Now, aged 22, reigned with her brother Ptolemy XV Philopator (only 11 years) and felt safer under the protection and love of Caesar, who in 46 BC returned to Rome triumphant victory. Behind him, Cleopatra came claiming a peace treaty between Egypt and Rome, bringing to Ptolemy XVI Caesarion, son of Caesar, and his brother Ptolemy XV. However, the relationship between Julius Caesar and Cleopatra liked in Rome, especially by the possibility that in the future, their son could rule.
Nevertheless, Caesar got increasing recognition, being named dictator for life. However, in the year 44 BC, after a meeting in the Senate, Julius Caesar was stabbed.
Antony and Cleopatra Cleopatra returned to Egypt. His guard was killed and his kingdom was again in danger. This provoked a civil war in Rome for three years, led by three leading men who fought against the leaders of the conspiracy, Octavio, Antony and Lepidus. After defeating signed a peace treaty in which they agreed to rule Rome together for five years.
Since that time, Marco Antonio would control Egypt. But I needed the support of Cleopatra now reigned with his son Caesarion. Egyptian gold needed to pay the armies that assembled by the Empire, and wheat to feed their men. For its part, the Egyptian queen sought the protection of the Roman. Antony and Cleopatra
met in Tarsus (Turkey). The queen came after several meetings dazzling and got what he wanted. Antony joined her impressed by its charms.
Antonio spent some time in Alexandria with Cleopatra, became pregnant with twins. But Rome could not see them born since the beginning of the year 40 BC had to return to Rome as Fulvia, his wife, was involved in a conspiracy against Octavian. Later this year, his wife died, and signed a peace agreement with Octavian, and in friendship, married his sister, Octavia.
Cleopatra Egypt continued to reign. Four years later he returned Marco Antonio. Their protection was helping to maintain the independence of Egypt. Had their third son, Ptolemy Philadelphus.
For a time, Antonio was not successful in their conquests losing many soldiers and many lands. Until finally, invaded Armenia and returned in triumph to Alexandria. Cleopatra was crowned "Queen of kings" and all their children also received royal titles.
- Caesarion, 13, was proclaimed "King of Kings."
- Alejandro Helios, age 6, was named king of Armenia.
- Selena Cleopatra, Queen of Cyrenaica and Crete, also with 6.
- and Ptolemy Philadelphus, with only 2 years old, king of Asia Minor.
Antony and Cleopatra were strong allies and had great ambitions. Recovered some of the territories that the queen's family had controlled in the past. But Octavio learned both the ambition and informed the Senate trying to Marco Antonio Roman traitor. Moreover, the divorce of his Roman wife was taken as ofensaEl to Cleopatra, the last Egyptian queen
At the end of 32 BC, Octavian declared war on Cleopatra and Egypt. Marco Antonio served in war Cleopatra as an ally against Rome. Arrived in Greece fearing an attack that will take you to lose that territory. But in reality, they were not any good, because the Roman soldiers were beating the army of Antony, capturing their strengths and sinking their boats.
Gradually the situation worsened, and desperate Antony and Cleopatra decided to cross the Roman siege. Although they could not get worse! They were defeated in the famous battle of Actium (Actium), although Cleopatra managed to escape with his fleet returned to Alexandria, where he entered in triumph as if he had won a great victory to keep his enemies in Egypt will not let her come to learn he had been defeated by Octavian.
Antonio was sunk by the shame and decided to hide on the island of Pharos not wanting to see anyone. Meanwhile, Cleopatra was contemplating how to continue governing. Octavio was not enough gold to pay the armies, so the timing could not strike again. But they knew that sooner or later again searching for the needed wealth of Egypt.
short time later, Antonio came out of retirement and back again to the palace parties.
A year later he received the news of the arrival of Octavius, and Cleopatra, fearing his reaction, he sent a letter offering to Egypt with the condition that govern their children. But even Octavio said, it was clear he wanted to rule alone.
Meanwhile, Mark Antony gathered his army to meet Octavio. But his soldiers deserted fleeing embarrassed and defeated, and blaming Cleopatra, who frightened by the wrath of the Roman locked in his mausoleum.
rumors that the Egyptian queen was dead. Marco Antonio crazed sword stuck right in the moment that Secretary of Cleopatra arrived announcing that she was alive. He was taken with Cleopatra and died in his arms.
Shortly after the year 30 BC, at age 39, died Cleopatra, the last queen of Egypt. Upon his death there are many legends, but Cleopatra's body was not found, so the experts have not been able to study his case.
The truth is that Cleopatra was a proud queen who preferred death rather than submit to Octavio and humble themselves before the Romans. He committed suicide with her two faithful servants, but how did they die? Do you drove a poisoned needle? Could it be the bite of a cobra with its poison the cause of his death?
Octavio respected her wishes and her body was buried next to her lover Mark Antony. His grave was never found.
What happened to Egypt?
The country was under the rule of Rome, which marked the end of Egyptian civilization. Octavio new king was proclaimed and ordered the destruction of many Egyptian monuments and official documents. Alexandria remained a major cultural and commercial center, but the prosperity of Egypt was waning. Information taken from http://www.egiptologia.com/component/option
, com_frontpage / Itemid, 1 /
Cleopatra may refer to:
last sovereign of the dynasty of the Ptolemies and the last ruler the country of the Nile before he became Roman possession;
In Greek mythology, Cleopatra was the name of two characters: a nymph daughter of the wind-god Boreas and a daughter of Idas and Marpessa and Cleopatra, opera by Jules Massenet;
'Cleopatra [1891], an opera by Melesio Morales
Cleopatra 1963 film starring Elizabeth Taylor, which tells of the life of Cleopatra VII;
Cleopatra, Argentina's 2003 film directed by Eduardo Mignogna. THE MONA LISA
La Gioconda
Information
Artist Leonardo da Vinci 1503-1506 Year
Renaissance art style painting techniques Oil on board
length 77 cm width 53 cm
Location
Louvre Paris, France
The painting La Gioconda, also known as''The''Mona Lisa, the Mona Lisa and Elisa Madonna is a painting of Leonardo da Vinci. Since the sixteenth century the French State owned, and displayed in the Louvre Museum, Paris.
Its official name is Mona Lisa (which, translated from Italian to Castilian is happy), to honor the most accepted theory about the identity of the model, based on the fact that Bartholomew was the wife of Francesco del Giocondo and his name was Lisa Gherardini.
is an oil on poplar board 77 x 53 cm painted between 1503 and 1506 [1] and reworked several times by the author. The technique used was the sfumato, a procedure very typical of Leonardo. The picture is protected by multiple security systems and environments for optimal preservation. [2] is reviewed constantly to check and prevent deterioration.
addition, technological tools have been used to investigate mysteries surrounding the work. Through historical research has determined that the model could be a neighbor of Leonardo, who could know his descendants and that the model could have been pregnant. [3] Despite all the assumptions, firm answers to various questions on the works of art are clearly inadequate, which creates more curiosity among fans of the picture.
The fame of this painting is based solely on the technique used or its beauty, but in the mysteries and enigmas that surround it. In addition, robbery he suffered in 1911, reproductions made, [4] the mysteries as the identity of the model or the secret of her smile, [3] the many works of art that are inspired by the existing frame and parodies contribute to turn La Gioconda's most famous painting in the world, visited by millions of people annually. Identity of the model
Several hypotheses have been generated around the identity of the model.
painter and biographer Giorgio Vasari wrote in 1550:
made for Francesco del Giocondo's portrait of his wife Mona Lisa and, despite efforts to devote four years, left it unfinished. This work is now the King Francois of France in Fontainebleau. [36]
In 1625, Cassiano dal Pozzo in Fontainebleau saw the play and wrote about it:
A life-size portrait at table, framed in carved walnut, is half figure and portrait of such a "Mona Lisa."
Based on this evidence has identified the model Lisa Gherardini, the wife of wealthy merchant Francesco del Giocondo.
However, in 1517, written by Vasari, Antonio de Beatis Leonardo visited in the castle of Cloux and mentioned three of his paintings, one of a Florentine lady done from life at the request of Julian II de 'Medici.
Although Antonio de Beatis could have been a different table, this testimony appears to differ with those of Vasari and Cassiano del Pozzo, as some have supposed that the model was actually a friend or lover of Julian II de 'Medici. [
Portrait
who is supposed to Isabella of Aragon, prepared by Raphael Sanzio. Galleria Doria, other theories Roma.Algunas some say it could be spread Elizabeth of Aragon, whom Leonardo drew in pencil and then make a painting. It could also be Constanza d'Avalos, duchess of Francavilla, mentioned in a poem of the day, where we read that Leonardo painted "under the beautiful black veil." [
And even other proposals have been that the model could be a lover of Leonardo himself, a teenager dressed as a woman, [5] a self-portrait of the author in a female version [48] or even a simple woman imaginaria.Al respect, Sigmund Freud suggested that the painting reflected a troubling masculinity. THERE HAS BEEN
TABLE OF THAT HAS DONE MORE Reinterpreting
and most influential in all aspects from the comic aesthetic to the design of household objects etc
BATHORY AND WIDE BUT BEFORE HE TALKED because he is a fascinating and terrifying IS BOTH
as he relates the summary of his trial and removed from the diary she wrote, Elizabeth Bathory, known as the "Bloody Countess", claimed the lives of 612 young women aged 9 to 26 years to bathe in their blood and so to stay young forever.
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Erzsébet (Elizabeth) Bathory was born in 1560 of a consanguineous marriage (between cousins) in one of the most powerful families in Hungary. As a child suffers seizures subsequently refer to age. At 13 he started to "make trouble." It is pregnant a servant to the family of Elizabeth castrated and thrown to the dogs. Would have the baby but it is unknown what became of him.
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age of 15 married a 26-year-old Count Ferenc and Elizabeth lived with him and his mother in his castle. The young Count not spent much time there: most of the time was fighting in one of the many wars in the area (impaling his enemies without mercy), earning him the nickname "Black Knight of Hungary." There epistolary record of how Ferenc and exchanged Erzsébet information on appropriate ways to punish their servants, it was normal among the nobles of the time. Legend
But the death of her husband when they begin to know their true face. To start, fired his much-hated mother of the castle, along with the rest of the kindred, the girls who protected it at the time were taken to the basement and there were at last punishments, according to Elizabeth, deserved.
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is at this time that they begin to hear rumors that something incident occurs on the castle. Stories come to practice witchcraft Countess (explicitly, the magic red) and he uses the blood of young girls. Apparently it started when a maid brushed his hair to the Countess and yanked the brush hurting. Elizabeth squirmed and slapped that broke the nose of the servant splashes of blood. It was then thought he noticed that where blood had fallen, her skin looked smoother and the wrinkles were gone.
Since then, his greatest obsession was to find women, the younger the better and preferably virgins to bathe in their blood and, of course, drinking. The girls were abducted by members of his staff, as sinister as she, pointing to Dorottya, Ilona and Piroska cataloged who are witches.
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Elizabeth and his minions are not content to bleed their victims but also twisted they were subjected to torture.
The Countess, thanks to its privileged situation, acted with some impunity for some time. Mainly because the victims were always women of the lower classes who disappeared and no one asked. The problems came when he started not conducive find victims among the populace. That was when girls began to disappear from the nobility and that would be the error that ended the bloody countess. The young nobles if aroused suspicion among the powerful people and the resources and the king ordered an investigation to begin.
Eleanor of Aquitaine was born in the city of Poitiers, in the year 1122, the largest of the three offspring of the marriage of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, and Eleanor de Chatellerault.
In 1130 the death of his only brother, William, became the heir of his father. On April 9, 1137, William X died on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, and Eleanor takes over the vast Duchy of Aquitaine (stretching from the Loire to the Pyrenees and was higher than the direct rule of the king of France). On July 4, 1137 married at age 15 in Bordeaux, with Louis, the future King Louis VII of France, a year older. That same year amounted to the French throne on the death of King Louis VI. Eight years later, in 1145, his first born daughter, Mary, later Countess of Champagne.
Tensions between the couple began very early, when the Queen supported the unlawful marriage of her sister Petronilla with Count Vermandois Raul I, while the king sent his brother Robert to invade Vermandois punishment for bigamy the count. In addition, emancipated and liberal behavior was strongly criticized by the diocesan curia, especially Bernard of Clairvaux and Abbot Suger, and, apparently, by their mother, Adelaide of Savoy. But none of this mattered to the French king, who was madly in love with his wife.
In 1147, the young couple went to the Second Crusade moved by the preaching of Bernard of Clairvaux. The king willingly allowed his wife with him, but Eleanor, in her capacity as Duchess of Aquitaine, and thus the greater feudal lords of France, from stresses like other feudal lords.
During his stay in Antioch, the queen's relationship with her uncle Raymond of Poitiers, prince of the city, gave rise to all sorts of gossip, which led to the estrangement between the king and queen. Luis forces his wife to return with him to force, but leave separately. On his way to France, stopping in Rome where the pope is to reconcile the couple actually the result of the papal administration was his second daughter, Alix, the future Countess of Blois, born in 1151 -. But the couple was hopelessly distance: March 21, 1152 obtained the annulment of their marriage, based on the relationship between them. The price Leonor put this separation was the conservation of its domains.
On May 18, 1152 Eleanor married in the cathedral of Saint Pierre de Bordeaux, with the soon to be Henry II of England, uniting the vast domain in France, which already owned the heir to the English throne (owner Anjou, Maine and Normandy, apart from England and Wales). Thus was formed the so-called Angevin Empire, in which the kings of England, though subjects of the king of France, a territory controlled eight times dominated by Louis VII. This couple had eight children, five men and three women. In his court, established mainly in Poitiers, was booming chivalric poetry, being a patron of many troubadours.
The existence of a mistress of Henry II led to the confrontation between Eleanor and the king, and from 1173 Leonor promoted the rebellion of three children of the king against his father. After suppressing the revolt, the king imprisoned Leonor, first in Chinon and then in Salisbury, where he remained under arrest until the death of King Henry in 1189. Recovered
freedom, Leonor became ruler of the Angevin domains during the absences of his son Richard. After the return of the king of the Third Crusade, Eleanor retired to the Abbey of Fontevrault. The death of Ricardo on April 6, 1199 made Leonor retirement leave again to get the coronation of another son, John, relegating his grandson, Arthur I duke of Brittany, who hardly knew.
in 1200, and with nearly 80 years, shows signs of an impressive fortress when she travels to Castilla, crossing the Pyrenees, to choose between his granddaughters, the princesses of Castilla-daughters of her daughter Leonor and Alfonso VIII of Castile - has become the wife of the son of Philip II Augustus, the future Louis VIII. The choice would be White, one of the most famous queens of France, regent of the kingdom three times and a model of virtue and ability policy.
died April 1, 1204 at the Abbey of Fontevrault, 82 years old, was buried right there with her husband Henry and his son Richard.
Lucrezia Borgia Lucrezia Borgia (Lucrezia Borgia in Catalan, Latin Lucretia Borgia, Lucrezia Borgia in Italian) (April 18, 1480 - June 24, 1519) was the daughter of Rodrigo Borgia, the powerful Renaissance Valencian later became Pope Alexander VI, and Cattanei Vannozza. One of his brothers was the notorious despot Cesare Borgia. Later the family of Lucrecia represented as any of the unpopular policies of Machiavellianism and sexual corruption commonly associated with the Renaissance popes. There is no known authentic portrait of Lucrezia, but a series of paintings, such as Pinturicchio's fresco or portraits by Bartolomeo Veneto, it is believed that the model used. Often these images are only one part of the myth of Lucretia.
Too little is known of Lucrezia to be certain about the veracity of the stories attributed to active participation in the crimes of his father and brother . Your father or brother will certainly concluded a series of marriages with significant or powerful men of the time always with the political ambitions of the family in mind. Lucretia was married to Giovanni Sforza (Lord of Pesaro), Alfonso of Aragon (Duke of Bisceglie), and Alfonso d'Este (Prince of Ferrara). Rumors of Alfonso of Aragon was talking about an illegitimate son of King of Naples and that Cesare Borgia could have killed when his political courage began to eclipse.
EBOLI PRINCESS Ana de Mendoza and Cerda (1540-1592), was the only daughter of Diego de Mendoza, Prince of Melito and grandson of the great Cardinal Mendoza. Diego in 1538 married to Catherine de Silva, sister of the then Count of Cifuentes. Ana was born in Cifuentes and died in Pastrana, as can properly be considered as Alcarria. More information.
for their education was a dominant character and pride. But fickle, rebellious and passionate, as in the old Mendoza. No news stories of his childhood, except the legend referring to the loss of one eye due to a fall or fencing. However this is not clear, but perhaps not one-eyed squint. Certainly praised her beauty, despite the patch that adorned her. The fact is that when your wedding is described as the bride was "nice but tiny." His education was influenced by nuy fights and separations between their parents, largely due to the character womanizer Diego. Ana take sides with his mother.
The heiress was married very young in 1552 with Rui Gomes da Silva (1516-1573), second son noble Portuguese ella.Con much larger than the favor of Philip II, Rui connects by marriage to the powerful Mendoza. As the bride was very young, and very powerful Mendoza family, the bride would remain a few years at home with their parents until the consummation of the marriage. Since the wedding, Anne's father gave them the title Count of Melito, staying him as Duke of Francavilla. Ana accompanies her mother in 1557 to the Court that the Princess Regent Valladolid is Joanna, and new scandals take place there between his mother and father which had an illegitimate daughter (he called Maria de Mendoza) and a new lover after. That during the first pregnancy of Anna, who I had only to suffer and mourn, but he said it "has more brains than all of them."
The marriage was not consummated until 1557. Ana and Rui definitely lived together since the turn of this in 1559 and had six children living in the thirteen years of marriage. Rui, although he had some disputes with his father, had been appointed in the meantime that this was a Council member and President of Italy in 1558 and Viceroy. The posts seem to be chosen primarily for the purpose of removing Diego as possible to his daughter and son, even at the risk of causing revolt among his constituents for his character. In an attempt
truncated by death, to achieve a powerful primogeniture for his children, his father bought Rui Eboli in the kingdom of Naples. Philip II appointed him Prince of Eboli in 1559. Then he bought the villa and Valdeacerete Estremera, was named Duke of Estremera, and finally bought the town of Pastrana (1569) was appointed in 1572 by Philip II Duke of Pastrana Grandee of Spain. So Anne was the first Princess of Eboli and the first Duchess of Pastrana. Rui spent in purchasing the equivalent of four years of annual income of the Duke of the Infantry!
In the four years subtracted from the purchase of Pastrana until death, improved and expanded crop Pastrana Moors who brought a flourishing industry began there, he managed an annual fair with special privileges and founded, with his wife, the Collegiate Church of Pastrana and encouraged the founding of Santa Teresa de Jesus of two Pastrana Carmelite convent in 1569.
During the period of her marriage Anne's life was stable and no known exploits or problems. Rui treat it as both a father (age difference) as a husband, providing stability to this part of his life until his sudden death. Since then, his character, the problems of children and counted and the absence of the only person who had made life stability Ana had a problem there
her husband dead in 1573, settled the bereaved Princess in the convent that was founded in Santa Teresa Pastrana after calling for it's own Princess (Princess nun, I take for broken home! "said the Abbess) making the Carmelites moved there to flee the convent at Segovia in 1574. Anna remained in the convent a life surrounded by servants who attended to his tastes, just as with the character line which had imposed stringent Santa Teresa. Ana was not a good steward of the estate of their minor children.
To complicate matters, in their quest to achieve a male heir (or harm his daughter, it is not clear), after death his wife Catherine in 1576, Diego was once married to Magdalena de Aragón, daughter of the Duke of Segovia. He died in 1578 leaving his wife pregnant so scare of his daughter Anna (widow by then), who did not lose his inheritance because Magdalena had a daughter who died shortly after birth. Logically this would affect the emotional balance
Ana returned to the Madrid court and tried to climb so fast trying to preserve his paternal inheritance and interests. He had great skill in intrigue, inherited from his mother and Mendoza. Great enemy of the party of the House of Alba (the party opposed to once led by her husband and now led by Antonio Perez, the new Secretary of Philip II) Legend says it was the alleged mistress of Philip II (which deny Marañón and others) and its Secretary Antonio Perez at a time. Antonio seems to be yes it was. Antonio was six years older than her and do not really know if his was just a matter of love, politics or search for a support that was missing since her husband died.
Legend (it certainly was not) of her affair with Philip II has been widely used in the literature and, of course, the "black legend." What I was certain was that Escobedo had discovered her affair with Antonio, making Ana hated so to Escobedo. Any report due to loyalty to her dead husband Escobedo surely infuriate the scandal of the rigorous Felipe II. It seems likely also a complex intrigue of Anna and Antonio about the succession to the vacant throne of Portugal and against D. Juan de Austria in an attempt to marry Mary Stuart. The fact is that along with Antonio, Ana instigated the murder of Juan de Escobedo (Secretary of D. Juan de Austria) in 1578, obtaining the consent of the King to convince some alleged intrigues of Escobedo.
Philip II knew the political maneuvers of Antonio Perez and, with patience, was preparing his fall. Finally Ana was arrested with Antonio in 1579, banished by Philip Pinto, and then Santorcaz Pastrana in 1581, where he died attended by his youngest daughter Ana de Silva (called Ana as the eldest daughter of Princess, a nun would be later) and three maids. In 1582 Ana Felipe II strips the custody of their children and manage their assets. Curiously, while Felipe's attitude toward Ana could be labeled as cruel, always protected and cared for the children of this and his old friend Rui. Philip II appointed an administrator of his estate and later take your child accounts Fray Pedro in the absence of his brothers. After the flight
Antonio Perez to Aragon in 1590, Philip II had to put bars on windows of the Ducal Palace and Pastrana. The Princess appeared a single hour a day for the bars overlooking the square, then called from Time Square. No is not clear why of that cruel attitude of Philip II to Anne, who in his letters called "prime" the king and ask one of them "to protect him as a gentleman." Philip II would refer to her as "female." Ana and Rui are buried together in the Collegiate Pastrana. Ana
favored in the inheritance to his second eldest son Diego against Rodrigo. The black legend said that the second Duke of Pastrana, was the son of Philip II (a difficult concept for when your mother was postpartum, and at home, and King Philip II of honeymoon with Queen Elizabeth of Valois , which he loved). Princess of Eboli
has captured the English and foreign interest, but if too many novels and there are many historical articles about it, is missing an updated biography about the same as that of Gaspar Muro nineteenth century.
BLOODY MARY
Bloody Mary is the popular nickname the British gave Queen Mary I of England,
Mary Tudor, by the harsh repression that was subject to the Protestants in their attempt to restore Catholicism.
In Today has named a Cocktaill cocktail made from vodka tomato and whose attraction lies in spicy sauces. History
Nobody makes sane on who was the creator of such famous cocktail.
One story attributes it to Fernand Petoit (in 1920), an American who worked as a bartender at Harry's New York Bar in Paris in the twenties. It also claimed George Jessel and bartenders at least two other New Yorkers. Another story, attributed to Queen Mary of England, which in its attempt to "re - catolizar" Kingdom, sent to kill thousands of Anglicans.
MATA HARI Few women have aroused so much passion and so much mystery strewn around as Mata Hari, the most legendary spy of the century. She was responsible for years of weaving the tangled web of rumors and fantasies wrapped in a nebula that exotic dancer, passionate lover of a battalion of knights influential and dangerous spy, until the biographies have demonstrated that the famous Indian dancer acclaimed in Paris, Berlin and Monte Carlo, it was just a pathological liar and a disgrace adventurous. But the trouble is not that Mata Hari, or better, Margaretha Zelle Geertruida, was an impostor, a dancer and spy abominable middling willing to sell to the highest bidder. The worst part was that because of its many entanglements was sentenced to die 41 years before a firing squad in Vincennes Castle.
Mata Hari was born in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, on August 7, 1876, and was only the daughter of Adam Zelle, a modest hat that neighbors nicknamed the Baron, for his delusions of grandeur and extravagant habits. At 6 years old, Margaretha was enrolled in the school's most expensive city and sent to class the first day of class, in a golden carriage pulled by two white kids, dressed as a betrothal princely. The teased or made no dent in the future Mata Hari, who soon discovered the pleasure of being converted into the center of attention. When he was 13, the hat shop of his father went bankrupt, as expected, the parents' marriage began to lose, and in less than two years, his mother died undermined by marital disputes.
's fame seductive Mata Hari began at age 15 in the Normal School of Lyden,
where he was sent with his brothers, in view of the inability of the parent to educate
wisely. Most of his years in Lyden was spent fleeing from sexual harassment and punishment of the director of the institution, Haanstra Wibrandus who, despite being married, came to crawl to his feet, to whine in public and write horrible poetry in order to get favors.
In 1895 she answered an ad request Rudolf wife published by John McLeod, a Dutch officer known for his addiction to alcohol and brothels of Amsterdam. They married that same year when she was 19 and her husband 39. already moved their daughter to the East Indies, which allowed direct contact with the culture of that continent. The relationship with her husband collapsed after losing her second son, Norman, who apparently was poisoned by a nanny unbalanced of whom were never seen again. On his return to Amsterdam, where the military was absorbed by alcoholism and the worldly life, leaving his daughter and went to Paris. At that time there was heard over Geertruida Margaretha Zelle.
failed as an artist's model and most stories about his life agree that its first benefactor was the Baron de Marguerie. The company introduced to the East as a teenager. He was born here when his fascinating stories: Margaretha changed his accent, and helped by his collection of bracelets and ornaments of the Javanese dancers, in addition to his incredible imagination, he continued with the mythical story of Mata Hari.
"My mother, glorious temple bayadera Swandi Kanda, died at age 14, the day of my birth. The priests took me and I was baptized under the name Mata Hari, meaning "pupil of the Dawn", had undaunted. He said that the pagoda of Siva learned the sacred rites of the dance. This curriculum
fully rigged, a sensual and mysterious twitching, and a body almost naked except for a bronze domes covering the breasts (in a statement explained that not showing because her ex husband in a fit of rage he left nipple had started a bite), Mata Hari was ordered to conquer the world from the Museum of Oriental Art in Paris.
During the early years of the century, Mata Hari danced in the shelter of soldiers and politicians around the globe. As time passed, she encouraged her legend recounting his biography in a thousand ways, until no one knew who he was or where it came from.
had the misfortune to be acting in Berlin when war broke out 14. and worse, had the misfortune to be around that time the lover of Chief Constable of the city, and a little later than Kraemer, German consul in Amsterdam and spy chief in your country. The French did not forgive him. Indeed
Kraemer that she thinks to elicit information from the French military. In return, of course, considerable sums. After haggling, Mata Hari accepts and becomes the agent H-21. But the dancer was ambitious and fickle in their affections, and as he had done throughout his love, decided to play a double game and become a double agent. Not idle in Paris offered the captain Ladoux, who knows in front of espionage and counterespionage service French.
In a time of fiercely fighting on all fronts, the obsession with treason and espionage is exacerbated. The French and British intelligence services suspect that Mata Hari works for Germany. In August 1916, the famous "deuxieme bureau", the French counterintelligence division, decided to test it, entrusting a mission in Holland. For a set of circumstances, can not reach this country and go to Spain, center of international espionage and counterespionage. There, on his own initiative to get intimate with the German military attache, Captain Von Kalle. Obtained from him information about the German maneuvers, which transmits the French secret service, but they are suspicious of it, thinking it was a double agent trying to make them believe that supporting the French cause.
This fear is confirmed by intercepting coded messages sent by Von Kalle state German General Staff, in which reports of the missions and movements of the German agent H-21, which correspond exactly to the displacement of Mata Hari. Thereafter, the agent H 21 and Mata Hari are a single person for the French police and the dancer is arrested when she returns to Paris after his mission, the February 13, 1917.
At first, Mata Hari refused any activity on behalf of Germany and claims to have made contact with the enemy with the sole purpose of providing information to France. Then, at last acknowledged that his game is more complex and, attracted by the profit motive is actually devoted to providing information to the Germans since the beginning of war, but said they had mocked them, transmitting only worthless information. Nevertheless, the court martial trying the case the convicted, as it believes that the intercepted messages and the large sums that Germany has given him is overwhelming evidence, Mata Hari was condemned to death.
Its implementation only gave more strength to the mythology. A Parisian crowd gathered on the morning of October 15, 1917. That day, dressed in black, with a wide-brimmed hat and boots, moments before a firing squad of the French Army ended his life, the exotic dancer raised his arm to leave coquettishly of soldiers would shoot him. It is also said that he refused to sell and tie and looked no grudge against these soldiers, and even some people that no more than wearing a fur coat, which took off to persuade the performers. The truth is that he died of the 12 shots that were intended and no one claimed his body.
born in that moment the mystery of Mata Hari, "Was this really a seductive secret agent with which the Parisian society of the early century had become infatuated?
is clear that she maintained ongoing relationships with German officers. To get money, certainly lent some services and conveyed messages, things that are serious in a period of conflict, even if unable to deliver important information likely to change the fortunes of war. But their play was unacceptable at the time of war and suffering. It was therefore doubly condemned as scandalous woman and as a spy.
only certain thing for sure is that Mata Hari had a great obsession with military uniforms, as seen in some of his biography: "I love the military. I have always loved and I'd rather be the mistress of a poor officer of a wealthy banker. " It is said that the research evidence that led to trial and death will be closed for a hundred years. Proponents say that opening, life of the "most dangerous spy of all time, will reveal the story of a fascinating woman, by the way, he tried to survive in the midst of a cruel war. MARGARET
TACHER
Margaret Hilda Thatcher
/ 'mɑ: grət' hɪldə 'θæʧə /, Baroness Thatcher, OM, LG, PC, FRS, called the "Iron Lady" was born under the name of Margaret Hilda Roberts on 13 October 1925 in Grantham, United Kingdom. He was elected prime minister of United Kingdom in 1979, a position he held until 1990.
In addition to being the only woman to serve such a function, held for the longest period Lord Salisbury has been known and continuously since Lord Liverpool. It has also been one of the only two women to lead a major political party in this country or hold one of the four Great Offices of State (leading positions in government). It is one of the most significant policies in recent history, both in the UK and worldwide.
During his tenure as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Thatcher coined the term to refer to the main ideological points that guided its policy. Thus, Thatcherism has been defined as
a combination of economic freedom, traditional conservative Christian values, British patriotism and a strong commitment to the United States and other countries in the same ideological line in the Anglophone world
Iron Maiden (in English: Iron Maiden) is a British heavy Leyton metal area in the East End of London. The band formed in 1975 by bassist Steve Harris, a former member of Gypsy's Kiss and Smiler. The band received the Ivor Novello Award in 2002, were also introduced into Hollywood's Rock Walk His influences are Thin Lizzy, UFO and Deep Purple, among others. It has now sold over 75 million albums worldwide.
Iron Maiden has spearheaded several events during his career, notably Rock in Rio, Donington, [3] "Monsters of Rock" Reading and Leeds Festival and Ozzfest 2005 (being the only year for Maiden, for an altercation that Dickinson had with Sharon Osbourne (Ozzy's wife and organizer of the event). At the end of the concert Ms. Osbourne took the microphone and informed the public that they (Ozzfest) loved Iron Maiden and his team, but Bruce Dickinson was a fool
The birth of the virgin [edit] After a few shows with this band (all of them to small groups), Steve decided to leave the band and joined "Smiler". The other members of the band were several years older than him, which served to Steve to accumulate valuable experience, but it was enough for him. He finally realized that the only way to do what he wanted was to create his own band and in 1975, Iron Maiden was born. Steve came up with the name to see a tortured in an old movie called "The Man in the Iron Mask." It was a metal coffin with lots of spikes on the inside where it got its victims and confined them to death
Iron Maiden is one of the most influential bands in the genre of heavy metal, and melodic approach to music has prompted many bands to create similar sounds. The singing style of Bruce Dickinson has a tendency of grand voices at a time when acute, now a standard in the power metal. Moreover, its harmonic style has been executed by a host of bands from all branches of metal. For example, melodic death metal bands often use harmonic riffs combined with a hard voice. This is most evident in bands like Dark Tranquillity and In Flames. Opeth (death metal and progressive) also makes extensive use of this type of harmonies. In the list of artists that Iron Maiden has influenced could indicate Therion, Dragonforce, Angra, Sonata Arctica, Trivium, Iced Earth, Children Of Bodom, Cradle of Filth, Testament, Megadeth, Death (In his more progressive), Wizard of Oz, Blind Guardian and many other groups of all styles of metal.
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Among the general powers UCLM common for university degrees, is particularly important with the "domain Technologies Information and Communication Technology (ICT)." 
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